Manipulation 127

Course overview

History and Background *Recognize the historical emergence of spinal manipulation (SMT) throughout numerous time periods and among different professions. *Outline the development of the chiropractic profession from the late 1800s to modern day. *Briefly review existing and historical models of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT). What's that sound? *Distinguish cavitation from tribonucleation and explore the relevance of the popping sound with SMT. Mechanisms *Integrate the concept of mechanotransduction into your understanding and appraisal of SMT mechanisms. *Outline different ways methods to provide mechanical stimulation during chiropractic treatment. *Explain what the evidence tells us about joint motion, gapping and location of popping sounds with SMT. *Explore contemporary areas of scientific inquiry into the neurophysiologic mechanism(s) of action for high-velocity spinal manipulation. *Describe how SMT may influence pain modulation. *Critique the evidence relating to the influence of SMT on blood biomarkers and immunity. *Discuss the potential brain and sensorimotor functional impacts of SMT. *Appreciate the relevance of spinal stiffness and the potential impact of SMT on spinal biomechanics. *Summarize existing evidence relating to the SMT and muscle function. Clinical Considerations *Describe clinical factors that could influence how SMT exerts its effect(s). *Discuss existing evidence on the dose-response relationship between SMT and clinical outcomes. *Recognize the importance of contextual factors, patient expectations and comfort in driving positive clinical outcomes. *Briefly summarize existing research on studies evaluating SMT for non-spinal conditions. Course Conclusion *Propose an integrated, conceptual model of how SMT may exert its effects for our patients. *Recognize that chiropractic care helps patients via many aspects of the clinical encounter.