Diagnosing and Treating Eye and Ear Conditions: An Integrated Pharmacologic Review

Course overview

Eye and ear disorders are common across the lifespan and may cause significant discomfort, sensory loss, and functional impairment. Accurate diagnosis and timely pharmacologic intervention are essential, particularly for conditions such as conjunctivitis, dry eye disease, glaucoma, otitis media, and tinnitus. Treatment strategies rely on understanding pathophysiology, drug mechanisms, and individual risk factors. Recent evidence highlights the impact of patient education on improving adherence and outcomes, particularly in chronic conditions such as dry eye syndrome. This review provides an evidence-based overview of common ocular and otic conditions, with an emphasis on pharmacologic management and therapeutic outcomes.