Hematopathology Expert Series: Measurable/Minimal Residual Disease Testing in Acute Leukemias

Course overview

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is driven by diverse genetic mutations such as NPM1, FLT3-ITD, and fusion transcripts, which serve as key markers for measurable/minimal residual disease (MRD). Molecular methods such as next generation sequencing (NGS), alongside flow cytometry, enable sensitive detection of residual disease and provide insights into clonal and phenotypic evolution. MRD status is a strong prognostic indicator, guiding treatment decisions and predicting relapse risk. Emerging technologies continue to increase MRD detection sensitivity, and MRD is recognized as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials and integrated into routine clinical practice.