EMR Cardiac Arrest Management

Course overview

Objectives Identify adult and pediatric cardiac arrest Describe steps to assess and manage adult and pediatric cardiac arrest Describe the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems Content Anatomy and Physiology Review Respiratory System Fresh oxygen to enter the lungs and blood supply Respiratory waste products to leave the blood and lungs Cardiovascular System Heart four chambers When the heart contracts a wave of blood is sent through the arteries Pumps blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen Pumps blood around the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the tissues to remove waste products from the tissues Vascular System Arteries carry blood to tissues Veins carry blood to heart Heart contraction can be felt as a pulse carotid femoral radial brachial Veins Cardiac Arrest If the heart stops contracting no blood will flow The body cannot survive when the heart stops Brain damage begins 4 to 6 minutes after the patient suffers cardiac arrest Damage becomes irreversible in 8 to 10 minutes Cardio pulmonary resuscitation CPR Artificial ventilation oxygenates the blood first External chest compressions squeezes the heart and simulates a contraction Oxygenated blood is circulated to the brain and other vital organs Resuscitation System Components to Maximize Survival Early access Public education and awareness rapid recognition of a cardiac emergency rapid notification before CPR starts phone first 911 pre arrival instructions and dispatcher directed CPR Early CPR Lay public family bystanders Emergency Medical Responders Early Defibrillation Early Advanced Care Basic Cardiac Life Support refer to the current American Heart Association guidelines Adult CPR and foreign body airway obstruction Child CPR and foreign body airway obstruction Infant CPR and foreign body airway obstruction Airway Control and Ventilation Basic airway adjuncts Ventilation Delivery of excessive rate or depth of ventilation reduces blood return to the right side of the heart Reduces the overall blood flow that can be generated with CPR Chest Compressions Factors which decrease effectiveness Compression that are too shallow Slow compression rate Sub maximum recoil Frequent interruptions Automated External Defibrillation AED refer to the current American Heart Association guidelines Adult Child Infant Special AED Situations Pacemaker Wet patients Transdermal medication patches