Immunological Emergencies

Course overview

Objectives Identify the major components of the immune system and how they work together Explain the different types of immunity and how they work to protect the body List the stages of an immune response Content Lymphatic and Immune Systems 1 Major Components and Functions of the Lymphatic System 2 Formation of Lymph Fluid 3 Lymph Vessels and Return to the Blood 4 Location and Function of Lymph Nodes and the Spleen 5 Lymphocytes 6 Immunity 1 Antigens 2 Antibodies 7 Innate Immunity 1 Defensive Cells 1 Natural killer cells (NK cells) 2 Basophils 3 Mast cells 4 Phagocytes 5 Langerhans cells 2 Chemical Defenses 1 Interferons 2 Complement 3 Inflammation 4 Fever 8 Adaptive Immunity 1 Cell mediated immunity 2 Antibody mediated immunity 9 Thymus 1 Stem cells 2 T lymphocytes (T cells) 10 Humoral Immunity and Cell Mediated Immunity 11 Development and Function of B Cells and T Cells 12 Acquired Immunity and Genetic Immunity 13 Vaccinations 14 Classifications of Microorganisms 15 Distribution and Benefits of Normal Flora 16 Infectious Disease 17 Methods by Which Infectious Diseases Are Spread 18 Characteristics of the Immune Response 1 Natural versus acquired response 1 Natural or native immunity 2 Acquired immunity 1 Active acquired immunity 2 Passive acquired immunity 2 Primary versus secondary immunity 1 Primary or initial immune response 2 Secondary or anamnesic immune response 3 Humoral versus cell mediated immunity 1 B cell lymphocytes 2 T cell lymphocytes 19 Introduction to the Immune Response 1 Antigens and Immunogens 1 Antigens 2 Immunogen 3 Tolerance 4 Molecular Size 1 Larger proteins polysaccharides and nucleic acids 2 Smaller amino acids monosaccharides and fatty acids 3 Haptens smaller molecules that become immunogenic 2 Histocompatibility Antigens (HLA antigens) 1 HLA complexes or major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) 2 Role of HLA antigens 3 Blood Group Antigens 1 Rh system 2 ABO system 20 Humoral Immune Response 1 B Cell Lymphocytes 1 Formation 1 Lymphoid stem cell 2 Generation of clonal diversity 3 Clonal selection 4 Activated B cell 1 Immunoglobulin secreting plasma cells 2 Memory cells 2 Immunoglobulins 1 Differences between immunoglobulins and antibodies 2 Structure of immunoglobulin molecules 3 Function of antibodies 1 Agglutination 2 Precipitation 3 Neutralization 1 Bacterial toxins 2 Viruses 4 Opsonization of bacteria 5 Activation of inflammatory processes 6 Classes of immunoglobulins 7 Antibodies as antigens 4 Isotypic antigens 5 Allotypic antigens 6 Idiotypic antigenic determinants 3 Monoclonal antibodies 21 Secretory Immune System 1 Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue 1 Lacrimal glands 2 Salivary glands 3 Bronchial associated lymphoid tissue 4 Mammary associated lymphoid tissue 5 Gut associated lymphoid tissue 6 Genital associated lymphoid tissue 2 Circulation Pathways 1 Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue 2 Regional lymph nodes 3 Thoracic duct 4 Blood 3 First line of defense 4 Local rather than systemic response 22 Cell Mediated Immune Response 1 T Cells 1 Five Types of Mature T Cells 1 Memory cells 2 Td cells or lymphokine producing cells 3 Tc cells or cytotoxic cells 4 Th cells or helper T cells 5 Ts cells or suppressor T cells 2 Proliferation and differentiation 23 Major Effects of Cell Mediated Immune Response 1 Cytotoxicity 2 Delayed hypersensitivity 3 Memory 4 Control 24 Cellular Interactions in the Immune Response 1 Cytokines 1 Lymphokines 2 Monokines 2 Antigen Processing Presentation and Recognition 1 Antigen degradation 2 Classes of histocompatible antigens (HLA) 3 T cell receptors 4 Interleukin 1 (IL 1) 3 T Cell and B Cell Differentiation 1 T cell differentiation 2 B cell differentiation 3 Control of B and T cell development 25 Fetal and Neonatal Immune Function 1 Fetal immunological capabilities 1 Immunologic responses 2 Antibody capabilities 2 Antibody levels 1 Umbilical cord blood 2 Neonatal circulation 3 Trophoblasts 26 Aging and the Immune Response in the Elderly 1 T cell func