Medical Emergencies Part 1

Course overview

Objectives Describe a neurological emergency Identify major endocrine glands and describe the role of glucose in the body Recognize the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction and describe the process for managing these reactions Content Neurological Emergencies 1 Altered Mental Status Inadequate oxygenation or ventilation Poisoning or overdose Infection Head injury Behavioral illness Diabetic conditions 2 Seizures Causes Assessment Findings Spasms and muscle contractions Tongue biting and increased secretions Sweating Cyanosis Unconsciousness followed by gradually increasing level of consciousness Shaking or tremors without loss of consciousness Incontinence Amnesia of the event Management Ensure patient safety and proper positioning Airway breathing and circulation consider nasopharyngeal airway Oxygen and suction Assist ventilation if indicated Provide emotional support Endocrine Disorders 3 Endocrine System Overview 4 Definition of Terms Diabetes Low blood glucose High blood glucose 5 Role of Glucose Fuel for body cells to produce energy 6 High Blood Glucose History and Assessment Findings Slow onset changes in mental status Rapid breathing and sweet smelling breath Dehydration skin pale warm and dry Weakness nausea and vomiting Weak rapid pulse Increased urination appetite and thirst Medical alert identification Management Airway breathing and circulation Position patient appropriately Oxygen Emotional support 7 Low Blood Glucose History and Assessment Findings Rapid onset changes in mental status Bizarre behavior tremors shaking Sweating and hunger Rapid full pulse rapid shallow respirations Late signs include seizures and coma Medical identification jewelry or information Management Airway breathing and circulation Oxygen Emotional support Immunological Emergencies 1 Anaphylaxis Definition Allergy versus anaphylaxis Common Substances That Cause Anaphylaxis 2 Assessment Findings Respiratory Severe respiratory distress wheezing Cardiovascular Rapid pulse low blood pressure Skin Pale red or cyanotic skin hives itching swelling around eyes mouth and tongue Other Altered mental status nausea vomiting 3 Management Maintain airway Administer oxygen Position patient appropriately Monitor vital signs Remove allergen if possible Ask if the patient has used an epinephrine auto injector