Overdoses

Course overview

Objectives Explain the epidemiology of toxicological emergencies Describe the toxidromes and drugs of abuse List the general treatment modalities for various types of overdoses Content Epidemiology of toxicology emergencies Review of epidemiology of poisoning Local Regional National National Resources for Poisoning National Poison Control Center National Courses in Toxicology Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC Types of toxicological emergencies Unintentional poisoning Dosage errors Idiosyncratic reactions Childhood poisoning Environmental exposure Occupational exposures Drug alcohol abuse Intentional poisoning overdose Chemical warfare Assault homicide Suicide attempts Pharmacokinetics Routes of absorption Ingestion Inhalation Injection Absorption Poisoning by ingestion Examples Anatomy and physiology review Absorption Distribution Assessment findings General management considerations Poisoning by inhalation Examples Anatomy and physiology review Absorption Distribution Assessment findings General management considerations Poisoning by injection Examples Intravenous drug abuse Venomous bites and stings Anatomy and physiology review Absorption Distribution Assessment findings General management considerations Poisoning by absorption Examples Anatomy and physiology review Absorption Distribution Assessment findings General management considerations Toxic syndromes Toxidromes including drugs of abuse Introduction Pathophysiology incidence toxic agents risk factors methods of transmission complications Cholinergics Common causative agents pesticides organophosphates carbamates and nerve agents Sarin Soman Assessment findings and symptoms for patients with exposure to cholinergics Headache dizziness weakness nausea SLUDGE salivation lacrimation urination defecation GI upset emesis Bradycardia wheezing bronchoconstriction myosis coma convulsions Diaphoresis seizures Management for a patient with exposure to cholinergics Decontamination Airway ventilation circulation Pharmacological Atropine Pralidoxime chloride 2 PAM Diazepam Activated charcoal Non pharmacological Anticholinergic Common causative agents Assessment findings and symptoms for patients with exposure to anticholinergics Delirium flushed skin dilated pupils urinary retention Memory loss seizures Management for a patient with exposure to anticholinergics Airway and ventilation Pharmacological Non pharmacological Marijuana and cannabis compounds Common causative agents Assessment findings and symptoms for patients with exposure or use of cannabis Management for a patient with exposure to cannabis Airway ventilation circulation Pharmacological Non pharmacological Sympathomimetics stimulants Common causative agents Cocaine Methamphetamine Ecstasy ICE Other Assessment findings and symptoms for patients with exposure or use of sympathomimetics stimulants Agitated delirium Hypertensive emergencies Psychosis seizures Malignant hyperthermia Cardiac damage Management for a patient with exposure to or use of sympathomimetics stimulants Airway ventilation circulation Pharmacological sedation restraint Non pharmacological Barbiturates sedatives hypnotics Common causative agents Assessment findings and symptoms for patients with exposure to or use of barbiturates sedatives hypnotics Respiratory depression respiratory arrest Hypotension CNS Management for a patient with exposure to or use of barbiturates sedatives hypnotics Airway ventilation circulation Pharmacological Non pharmacological Hallucinogens Common causative agents Lysergic acid diethylamide LSD Phencyclidine PCP Peyote mushrooms jimson weed mescaline Other Assessment findings and symptoms for patients with exposure to or use of hallucinogens CNS and behavioral Chest pain Management for a patient with exposure to or use of hallucinogens Airway ventilation circulation Pharmacological sedation restraint Non pharmacological Opiates Common causative agents Heroin morphine methadone Codeine meperidi