The Physiological Effects of Dry Needling

Course overview

*Explain how dry needling reduces central sensitization by influencing brain pain processing and the ascending nociceptive pathway. *Describe how receptor upregulation, calcium-mediated neurotransmitter release, and inflammatory mediators drive peripheral and central sensitization. *Apply superficial perimeter needling and homeostatic points to reduce post-surgical swelling, pain, and narcotic reliance. *Analyze the role of sclerotomes, satellite trigger points, and joint hypomobility in guiding combined needling, manipulation, and rehab care.