Pharmacological Treatment of Heart Failure

Course overview

Heart failure, also known as congestive heart failure, is a potentially life-threatening medical condition in which the heart can no longer pump enough blood to meet the metabolic demands of the body. It is caused by structural or functional abnormalities of the heart that affect how the ventricles fill with or eject blood. The term “congestive” describes improperly pumped blood backing up into the lungs, abdomen, liver, and lower extremities, causing fluid retention. Heart failure is commonly associated with symptoms such as fatigue and shortness of breath, particularly upon exertion. Heart failure affects nearly six million Americans. Heart failure can be divided into two broad categories: acute and chronic heart failure. Chronic heart failure is a very common, progressive condition. Symptoms typically develop slowly over time and gradually get worse. Chronic heart failure can cause significant morbidity and mortality, as well as negatively affect a patient’s quality of life. Acute heart failure is characterized by symptoms that worsen rapidly over a short period of time. It can be associated with a new onset of heart failure or acute decompensation of chronic heart failure. Acute heart failure requires rapid treatment, typically in a hospital setting. While heart failure has no cure, treatment with medication and lifestyle changes can improve quality of life and help patients live longer and more active lives. This course serves to review both acute and chronic heart failure, as well as the treatments used in both disease states.