CLONIDINE TOXICITY

Course overview

CLONIDINE IS A COMMONLY PRESCRIBED BIOCHEMICAL DERIVATIVE OF IMIDAZOLINE WITH A VARIETY OF CLINICAL USES. IT WAS ORIGINALLY DEVELOPED AS A NASAL DECONGESTANT, BUT ITS MAIN USE HAS BEEN AN ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE AGENT. IN RECENT YEARS IT HAS GAINED POPULARITY IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD), TOURETTE SYNDROME, AND SLEEP DISTURBANCES. IT HAS ALSO BEEN SHOWN TO BE USEFUL IN TREATING SEVERAL DIFFERENT DRUG WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES. CLONIDINE’S EFFECT ON THE BODY STEMS FROM ITS ACTION ON ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS, IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS, AND THE FUNCTIONAL OVERLAP OF ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS ON MU RECEPTORS. OVERDOSE RESULTS IN A TOXIDROME NOT EASILY IDENTIFIED. THIS ACTIVITY REVIEWS THE ETIOLOGY, PRESENTATION, EVALUATION, AND MANAGEMENT/PREVENTION OF CLONIDINE TOXICITY AND REVIEWS THE ROLE OF THE INTERPROFESSIONAL TEAM IN EVALUATING, DIAGNOSING, AND MANAGING THE CONDITION.